--If you have a Mac- Macintosh freeware tool, Bibliographer is a great tool to show students how to use online resources to create a proper bibliography
Assessment/Evaluation
1. This lesson should be used as a tool for preparing students to cite and create bibliographies for an upcoming content specific report, multimedia project, or presentation.
2. It is a good idea to provide students with a number of preselected reference materials (book, magazine, web site, web image) for students to create a bibliography. If desired (Macintosh users), students can create, alphabetize, and print their bibliography using Bibliographer application.
3. Include a bibliography component in subsequently assigned rubrics for research projects and papers that includes points earned for proper and complete bibliographies or citations is a great follow-up assessment.
Rubric: Bibliography Criteria for Evaluation 6 4 2 0 TOTAL (18) Quality of Sources All sources demonstrate careful consideration of scientific validity and sources do not repeat same information Several sources are credible but others are not current or have questionable validity Sources meet guidelines for types selected but there is no consideration of validity Sources do not meet guidelines for types of sources used Accuracy Includes the complete and accurate bibliographic citation for each source and is organized according to citation method used Makes 1-5 errors on citations. Makes 6-10 errors on citations. Makes more than 10 errors on citations. Content All requirements for were met: • 2 books • 2scholarly articles • 1 others • Copies of sources used Most requirements were met. May be lacking some scholarly articles or other required sources Lacking substantial requirement/s, like scholarly articles or books. Too many websites. Lacking copies of sources used Most requirements were not met. Not enough resources. Resources do not comply with requirements. Applied technology Skills TOTAL POINTS
Class Time Required:
45 minute period with additional time for practice and review
**(part of a larger unit- this is practice for a research paper they will soon be completing)
Materials + Resources Needed:
Books, Periodicals, Newspapers, or other reference sources used
Computer with word processing and web viewing applications
Pencil and Paper
Student Bibliography Guidelines:
http://www.cccoe.net/tdf/Mok/bpc/CitationTriDoc.pdf
Activities (step by step procedure):
1. Introduce the concept of Bibliographies and reasons for citations
2. Distribute Student Citation Guidelines
3. Practice several different citation form types including web-based resources on either a whiteboard or digital projector as a group/class activity
4. Have students cite several resource types you have provided for them
5. Independent practice - Give student information about other resources and ask students to complete the bibliography with the aid of the Bibliographer application (Mac freeware)
Teaching Strategies:
1. Use of network browser program digitally projected for class to see browser features needed to complete a citation.
2. Use of word processing program digitally projected for class to see citing rules.
3. Student peer-editing of completed bibliographies to find problems and discrepancies.
General Goals:
Creating proper citations for classroom research projects that include creating trifold brochures, digital quilts of images expressing who you are in images alone, researching and reporting, illustrating, and presenting a multimedia Hyperstudio project. This lesson provides information and skills that crosses curriculum areas. The information and skills presented in this lesson help my students prepare, research, document, and cite sources for their work in science as they do their annual science projects. It assists them in their work in the language arts framework.
Specific Objectives:
Students will learn the value of research and using the work of others to complete their own projects and the proper way to give credit in the form of a proper citation to the author, illustrator, photographer, or researcher from whom they might use work.
Students will be able to properly cite work used from many sources including traditional materials such as books and newspapers and additionally electronic and web-based research sources. Students will be given all the information necessary to find the necessary details such as web page addresses and image addresses for material they choose to include in their projects.
ITSE/NETS for Students and California Content Standards:
Reading/Language Arts Framework and Content Standards for California Public Schools,:
English-Language Arts Content Standards - Seventh Grade: Writing:
· 1.5 Give credit for both quoted and paraphrased information in a bibliography by using
a consistent and sanctioned format and methodology for citations.
· 2.3 d. Cite Reference sources appropriately.
*** However these skills/standards can be seen as early as fourth grade- so lesson plan can be easily adapted
ISTE National Educational Technology Standards (NETS•T) for teachers and students
For Teacher:
§ ISTE-NETS 2: Design and Develop Digital-Age Learning Experiences and Assessments
· Teachers design, develop, and evaluate authentic learning experiences and assessments incorporating contemporary tools and resources to maximize content learning in context and to develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes identified in the NETS-S.
§ ISTE- NETS 4: Promote and Model Digital Citizenship and Responsibility
· Teachers understand local and global societal issues and responsibilities in an evolving digital culture and exhibit legal and ethical behavior in their professional practices.
For Students:
ITES-NETS 2: Communication and Collaboration
· Students use digital media and environments to communicate and work collaboratively, including at a distance to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others. Students:
a. interact, collaborate, and publish with peers, experts, or others employing a variety of
digital environments and media.
b. communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety
of media and formats.
c. develop cultural understanding and global awareness by engaging with learners of
other cultures.
d. contribute to project teams to produce original works or solve problems.
§ ISTE-NETS 5: Digital Citizenship
· Students understand human, cultural, and societal issues related to technology and practice legal and ethical behavior. Students:
a. advocate and practice safe, legal, and responsible use of information and technology.
b. exhibit a positive attitude toward using technology that supports collaboration,
learning, and productivity.
c. demonstrate personal responsibility for lifelong learning.
d. exhibit leadership for digital citizenship.
§ ITSE-NETS 6: Technology Operations and Concepts
· Students demonstrate a sound understanding of technology concepts, systems, and operations. Students:
a. understand and use technology systems.
b. select and use applications effectively and productively.
c. troubleshoot systems and applications.
d. transfer current knowledge to learning of new technologies.
Lesson Title: Cite the Site!
Creating Bibliographies with Proper Citations
A Middle School Lesson (6-8th grade- but could be used for younger grades)
Overview and Purpose:
This lesson will demonstrate to students the need to properly cite work of others incorporated into their reports or presentations. It will detail how to create bibliographies with proper citations for the primary types of references middle students will use for projects such as text-based reports or multimedia projects and presentations. Students will also learn the process for using web graphics and properly citing their web address. An easy-to-use freeware application will also be introduced.
As the world becomes more technologically advanced, it is important for teachers to understand and recognize the importance for using technology in the classroom and the ISTE standards is an important tool to make sure it is done correctly. These standards highlight the goals we have for our students and their use of technology. These standards also helped to remind me that it’s not just content standards that need to be addressed while teaching. In my opinion, these standards focus on good teaching and learning – not simply on technology use. On the other hand while reviewing these standards I found myself having a similar reaction to when I read the essential conditions; which is a feeling of doubt that these standard can really be met in most schools which often not only lack the resources to do so but also may not have an immediate desire to do so either. I also feel these standards are a bit of a laundry list for teachers and students that are quite nonspecific in nature. Despite the standards idealism and impreciseness they can provide a very basic structure for a teacher when creating a curriculum which attempts to incorporates technology in a meaningful and successful way
Standard 1 is one of the most important of the 5 in my opinion. It promotes that integrating technology is important in every classroom and what better way to nurture student use of technology than to model it ourselves. It also strongly encourages the need for collaboration, creativity and innovation in the classroom in relationship to technology.
Standard 2, which I found most interesting, refers to planning and designing learning environments and experiences. The standard addresses the need for teachers to be able to incorporate tools and resources that will maximize content learning for students. I believe that technology offers so many venues in which teachers can explore valuable resources. Educators today must teach to so many different learners and learning styles that it is important to be able to tap into technology in order to present information in a variety of ways that will make learning relevant and meaningful. With the ideals of this standard a goal that I would like to have for myself as a future teacher is to individualize student learning through the power of technology as much as possible. My hope is my students will take more initiative in succeeding in these goals if they've been an active participant in creating them.
According to Standard 3, teachers are to “demonstrate fluency in technology systems and the transfer of current knowledge to new technologies and situations.” Thankfully, with the variety modern technology, teachers can find tools they feel comfortable using in their own classrooms. As a future teacher, I would love to have a Smart Board or other new technologies in my classroom. I feel very passionate about getting students involved and feeling like they are a part of something. With a Smart Board, students can participate in nontraditional ways and hopefully feel more motivated to engage in class. I feel that with all the new technologies arising, teachers are bound to find something that will enhance their classrooms.
Standard 4 addresses the issue of digital citizenship and responsibility. I do strongly feel teachers have a duty to model digital etiquette and responsible social interactions related to the use of technology and information. While the internet is an excellent tool for learning when used correctly, it can also be very destructive if safety, legal, and ethical use is not taught and enforced. Teachers have a responsibility to teach students awareness of copyright regulations and the correct way to document sources in order to avoid plagiarism.
Standard 5 states that teachers must engage in professional growth and leadership as well as “participate in local and global learning communities to explore creative applications of technology to improve student learning.” I believe this last statement is the most important within Standard 5. Teachers should always be collaborating with other teachers and professionals to ensure the best education for their students. I hope to take full advantage of the online learning communities available when i become a teacher- they can provide inventive ideas and tips to increase my effectiveness in the classroom.
